From: Donald.K.Yeomans@ccmail.jpl.nasa.gov Subject: C/Hyakutake orbit update Orbit and Ephemeris Updates for Comet 1996 B2 Hyakutake Don Yeomans - JPL Mar. 22, 1996 Additional observations through March 21, 1996 have been supplied by the Minor Planet Center and used to update the orbit, ephemeris, and error analysis. Object: Comet 1996 B2 Hyakutake Ref. Solution: 18 Planetary Ephemeris: DE403 No. Observations: 354 Observation Arc: 1996 Jan 1 - 1996 Mar 21 ---- Residual Summary ---- RA Dec Total Mean -.002 .002 .003 RMS, unweighted .589 .579 .584 ---- Corrected Elements (J2000): Solution 18 Epoch 2450206.50000 = 1996 May 3.00000 Post-Fit Std.Dev. e .999671850 .000012479 q .230041917 .000008981 Tp 2450204.8964547 .0001899 1996 May 1.39645 Node 188.0431101 .0001308 w 130.2089094 .0017327 i 124.9102093 .0007311 ---- Elements at other epochs: Epoch (TDB) e q Node w i Tp 1996 Mar 23.0 .9996750 .2300593 188.042853 130.206166 124.909215 1996 May 1.396822 1996 Mar 25.0 .9996772 .2300560 188.042902 130.206495 124.909634 1996 May 1.396655 1996 Mar 27.0 .9996768 .2300504 188.042940 130.207282 124.909905 1996 May 1.396522 1996 Mar 30.0 .9996747 .2300458 188.042944 130.208038 124.909932 1996 May 1.396472 1996 Apr 27.0 .9996717 .2300419 188.043104 130.208911 124.910211 1996 May 1.396455 e: Eccentricity q: Perihelion passage distance (AU) Node: Longitude of the ascending node (deg.) w: Argument of perihelion (deg.) i: Inclination (deg.) Tp: Perihelion passage time (TDB) The apparent total magnitude predictions in the following ephemeris are rough estimates. The peculiar trend in the uncertainties is due to the close Earth approach on March 25 and the extreme high declinations on March 27. One sigma positional uncertainties for selected dates follow: Date 1-sigma uncertainties R.A. Dec. Mar. 23 1" 2" Mar. 25 1" 4" Mar. 26 2" 5" Mar. 27 8" 2" Mar. 28 2" 4" Mar. 30 1" 3" Apr. 4 1" 2" Ephemeris (with perturbations) for Comet 1996 B2 Hyakutake JPL Ref. orbit No. 18 by D.K. Yeomans, Mar. 22, 1996 Ephemeris output times are UTC (not TT). Date (UT) Hr R.A. J2000 Dec. Delta Deldot r Theta Beta Moon PsAng TMag 1996 Mar 21 00 14 52 14.80 +05 06 41.6 .175 -46.730 1.131 137.3 36.7 153 264.0 1.7 1996 Mar 21 02 14 52 07.88 +05 38 40.7 .173 -46.412 1.129 137.3 36.7 153 263.4 1.7 1996 Mar 21 04 14 52 00.74 +06 11 30.1 .170 -46.081 1.128 137.4 36.7 154 262.7 1.7 1996 Mar 21 06 14 51 53.36 +06 45 11.4 .168 -45.738 1.126 137.4 36.8 154 262.0 1.6 1996 Mar 21 08 14 51 45.73 +07 19 46.3 .166 -45.381 1.124 137.4 36.8 155 261.3 1.6 1996 Mar 21 10 14 51 37.83 +07 55 16.4 .164 -45.009 1.122 137.4 36.9 155 260.6 1.6 1996 Mar 21 12 14 51 29.67 +08 31 43.5 .162 -44.624 1.121 137.4 37.0 155 259.9 1.5 1996 Mar 21 14 14 51 21.22 +09 09 09.4 .159 -44.222 1.119 137.4 37.1 155 259.1 1.5 1996 Mar 21 16 14 51 12.48 +09 47 36.0 .157 -43.805 1.117 137.4 37.1 155 258.3 1.5 1996 Mar 21 18 14 51 03.43 +10 27 05.1 .155 -43.371 1.116 137.4 37.2 155 257.6 1.4 1996 Mar 21 20 14 50 54.05 +11 07 38.7 .153 -42.919 1.114 137.3 37.3 155 256.7 1.4 1996 Mar 21 22 14 50 44.34 +11 49 18.6 .151 -42.448 1.112 137.2 37.5 154 255.9 1.4 1996 Mar 22 00 14 50 34.27 +12 32 06.9 .149 -41.959 1.110 137.2 37.6 154 255.1 1.3 1996 Mar 22 02 14 50 23.84 +13 16 05.5 .147 -41.450 1.109 137.1 37.7 153 254.2 1.3 1996 Mar 22 04 14 50 13.01 +14 01 16.6 .145 -40.920 1.107 137.0 37.9 153 253.3 1.2 1996 Mar 22 06 14 50 01.77 +14 47 42.0 .143 -40.368 1.105 136.8 38.1 152 252.4 1.2 1996 Mar 22 08 14 49 50.10 +15 35 23.9 .141 -39.793 1.104 136.7 38.3 151 251.5 1.2 1996 Mar 22 10 14 49 37.98 +16 24 24.3 .139 -39.195 1.102 136.5 38.5 150 250.6 1.1 1996 Mar 22 12 14 49 25.39 +17 14 45.1 .137 -38.572 1.100 136.3 38.7 150 249.6 1.1 1996 Mar 22 14 14 49 12.29 +18 06 28.4 .136 -37.924 1.098 136.1 39.0 149 248.6 1.1 1996 Mar 22 16 14 48 58.67 +18 59 36.1 .134 -37.250 1.097 135.9 39.2 148 247.7 1.0 1996 Mar 22 18 14 48 44.48 +19 54 10.2 .132 -36.548 1.095 135.7 39.5 146 246.7 1.0 1996 Mar 22 20 14 48 29.71 +20 50 12.3 .130 -35.818 1.093 135.4 39.8 145 245.6 1.0 1996 Mar 22 22 14 48 14.30 +21 47 44.3 .129 -35.059 1.092 135.1 40.2 144 244.6 .9 1996 Mar 23 00 14 47 58.24 +22 46 47.8 .127 -34.270 1.090 134.7 40.5 143 243.6 .9 1996 Mar 23 02 14 47 41.47 +23 47 24.2 .125 -33.449 1.088 134.4 40.9 141 242.5 .9 1996 Mar 23 04 14 47 23.96 +24 49 34.9 .124 -32.597 1.086 134.0 41.3 140 241.5 .8 1996 Mar 23 06 14 47 05.65 +25 53 21.0 .122 -31.712 1.085 133.6 41.7 139 240.4 .8 1996 Mar 23 08 14 46 46.49 +26 58 43.5 .121 -30.794 1.083 133.1 42.2 137 239.4 .8 1996 Mar 23 10 14 46 26.43 +28 05 43.1 .119 -29.841 1.081 132.7 42.7 136 238.3 .7 1996 Mar 23 12 14 46 05.41 +29 14 20.2 .118 -28.854 1.079 132.1 43.2 134 237.3 .7 1996 Mar 23 14 14 45 43.36 +30 24 35.1 .116 -27.832 1.078 131.6 43.8 133 236.2 .7 1996 Mar 23 16 14 45 20.20 +31 36 27.5 .115 -26.774 1.076 131.0 44.3 131 235.1 .6 1996 Mar 23 18 14 44 55.85 +32 49 56.9 .114 -25.680 1.074 130.4 45.0 129 234.1 .6 1996 Mar 23 20 14 44 30.22 +34 05 02.5 .113 -24.551 1.073 129.8 45.6 128 233.0 .6 1996 Mar 23 22 14 44 03.22 +35 21 42.9 .111 -23.385 1.071 129.1 46.3 126 232.0 .5 1996 Mar 24 00 14 43 34.74 +36 39 56.3 .110 -22.185 1.069 128.4 47.0 124 230.9 .5 1996 Mar 24 02 14 43 04.65 +37 59 40.6 .109 -20.949 1.067 127.6 47.7 123 229.9 .5 1996 Mar 24 04 14 42 32.82 +39 20 53.1 .108 -19.679 1.066 126.8 48.5 121 228.9 .4 1996 Mar 24 06 14 41 59.10 +40 43 30.5 .107 -18.376 1.064 126.0 49.3 119 227.9 .4 1996 Mar 24 08 14 41 23.32 +42 07 29.1 .107 -17.041 1.062 125.2 50.1 117 226.9 .4 1996 Mar 24 10 14 40 45.29 +43 32 44.7 .106 -15.675 1.060 124.3 51.0 116 225.9 .4 1996 Mar 24 12 14 40 04.80 +44 59 12.4 .105 -14.279 1.059 123.4 51.9 114 225.0 .4 1996 Mar 24 14 14 39 21.61 +46 26 47.1 .104 -12.857 1.057 122.4 52.8 112 224.0 .3 1996 Mar 24 16 14 38 35.44 +47 55 23.0 .104 -11.409 1.055 121.5 53.7 110 223.1 .3 1996 Mar 24 18 14 37 45.98 +49 24 53.6 .103 -9.939 1.053 120.5 54.7 108 222.2 .3 1996 Mar 24 20 14 36 52.89 +50 55 12.4 .103 -8.448 1.052 119.4 55.7 107 221.3 .3 1996 Mar 24 22 14 35 55.73 +52 26 12.0 .102 -6.940 1.050 118.4 56.7 105 220.4 .3 1996 Mar 25 00 14 34 54.05 +53 57 45.1 .102 -5.418 1.048 117.3 57.7 103 219.5 .3 1996 Mar 25 02 14 33 47.30 +55 29 43.7 .102 -3.885 1.046 116.2 58.8 101 218.6 .2 1996 Mar 25 04 14 32 34.82 +57 01 59.6 .102 -2.343 1.045 115.1 59.8 99 217.8 .2 1996 Mar 25 06 14 31 15.87 +58 34 24.6 .102 -.797 1.043 114.0 60.9 98 216.9 .2 1996 Mar 25 08 14 29 49.54 +60 06 50.0 .102 .751 1.041 112.8 62.0 96 216.0 .2 1996 Mar 25 10 14 28 14.77 +61 39 07.2 .102 2.297 1.039 111.7 63.1 94 215.2 .2 1996 Mar 25 12 14 26 30.29 +63 11 07.5 .102 3.837 1.038 110.5 64.2 93 214.3 .2 1996 Mar 25 14 14 24 34.53 +64 42 42.1 .102 5.368 1.036 109.4 65.3 91 213.4 .2 1996 Mar 25 16 14 22 25.59 +66 13 42.4 .102 6.888 1.034 108.2 66.4 89 212.5 .2 1996 Mar 25 18 14 20 01.14 +67 43 59.6 .103 8.392 1.032 107.0 67.5 88 211.5 .2 1996 Mar 25 20 14 17 18.23 +69 13 25.1 .103 9.878 1.031 105.9 68.6 86 210.5 .2 1996 Mar 25 22 14 14 13.17 +70 41 50.3 .104 11.344 1.029 104.7 69.7 85 209.5 .2 1996 Mar 26 00 14 10 41.19 +72 09 06.3 .104 12.786 1.027 103.6 70.8 83 208.3 .2 1996 Mar 26 02 14 06 36.10 +73 35 04.3 .105 14.203 1.025 102.4 71.9 82 207.0 .2 1996 Mar 26 04 14 01 49.71 +74 59 34.6 .106 15.592 1.024 101.3 72.9 80 205.6 .2 1996 Mar 26 06 13 56 10.95 +76 22 26.9 .107 16.951 1.022 100.1 74.0 79 204.0 .2 1996 Mar 26 08 13 49 24.59 +77 43 29.2 .107 18.279 1.020 99.0 75.0 78 202.1 .2 1996 Mar 26 10 13 41 09.15 +79 02 27.1 .108 19.575 1.018 97.9 76.1 77 199.9 .3 1996 Mar 26 12 13 30 53.59 +80 19 01.4 .109 20.837 1.017 96.8 77.1 76 197.2 .3 1996 Mar 26 14 13 17 51.89 +81 32 45.6 .110 22.064 1.015 95.7 78.1 74 193.8 .3 1996 Mar 26 16 13 00 54.17 +82 43 00.0 .111 23.256 1.013 94.7 79.0 73 189.4 .3 1996 Mar 26 18 12 38 12.82 +83 48 41.7 .113 24.412 1.011 93.6 80.0 73 183.7 .3 1996 Mar 26 20 12 07 04.65 +84 48 05.8 .114 25.532 1.009 92.6 80.9 72 175.8 .3 1996 Mar 26 22 11 23 46.13 +85 38 15.8 .115 26.617 1.008 91.6 81.9 71 164.9 .3 1996 Mar 27 00 10 24 54.91 +86 14 32.9 .116 27.665 1.006 90.6 82.8 70 150.1 .4 1996 Mar 27 02 09 12 22.97 +86 31 18.8 .118 28.677 1.004 89.6 83.6 69 132.0 .4 1996 Mar 27 04 07 57 49.76 +86 25 33.6 .119 29.655 1.002 88.7 84.5 69 113.3 .4 1996 Mar 27 06 06 54 46.12 +86 00 17.6 .120 30.597 1.001 87.8 85.3 68 97.5 .4 1996 Mar 27 08 06 07 33.30 +85 21 55.7 .122 31.505 .999 86.9 86.1 68 85.7 .4 1996 Mar 27 10 05 33 34.27 +84 36 02.6 .124 32.380 .997 86.0 86.9 67 77.2 .4 1996 Mar 27 12 05 08 56.47 +83 46 12.0 .125 33.222 .995 85.1 87.7 67 71.1 .5 1996 Mar 27 14 04 50 39.59 +82 54 27.8 .127 34.032 .993 84.3 88.4 66 66.5 .5 1996 Mar 27 16 04 36 42.95 +82 02 01.4 .128 34.811 .992 83.4 89.2 66 63.0 .5 1996 Mar 27 18 04 25 48.24 +81 09 35.1 .130 35.560 .990 82.6 89.9 66 60.3 .5 1996 Mar 27 20 04 17 04.12 +80 17 34.2 .132 36.279 .988 81.8 90.6 66 58.2 .5 1996 Mar 27 22 04 09 56.20 +79 26 14.8 .134 36.970 .986 81.1 91.2 66 56.4 .6 1996 Mar 28 00 04 04 00.85 +78 35 46.8 .135 37.634 .985 80.3 91.9 66 55.0 .6 1996 Mar 28 02 03 59 01.42 +77 46 16.4 .137 38.272 .983 79.6 92.5 66 53.8 .6 1996 Mar 28 04 03 54 45.89 +76 57 47.6 .139 38.884 .981 78.9 93.1 66 52.8 .6 1996 Mar 28 06 03 51 05.40 +76 10 22.7 .141 39.472 .979 78.2 93.7 66 51.9 .7 1996 Mar 28 08 03 47 53.28 +75 24 02.7 .143 40.036 .977 77.5 94.3 66 51.2 .7 1996 Mar 28 10 03 45 04.44 +74 38 48.1 .145 40.578 .976 76.8 94.9 66 50.6 .7 1996 Mar 28 12 03 42 34.93 +73 54 38.7 .147 41.098 .974 76.2 95.4 66 50.0 .7 1996 Mar 28 14 03 40 21.63 +73 11 33.9 .149 41.597 .972 75.6 95.9 66 49.5 .7 1996 Mar 28 16 03 38 22.05 +72 29 32.8 .151 42.076 .970 74.9 96.4 67 49.1 .8 1996 Mar 28 18 03 36 34.18 +71 48 34.5 .153 42.536 .968 74.3 96.9 67 48.7 .8 1996 Mar 28 20 03 34 56.39 +71 08 37.6 .155 42.978 .967 73.7 97.4 67 48.4 .8 1996 Mar 28 22 03 33 27.34 +70 29 40.8 .157 43.402 .965 73.2 97.9 68 48.1 .8 1996 Mar 29 00 03 32 05.89 +69 51 42.8 .159 43.809 .963 72.6 98.3 68 47.8 .8 1996 Mar 29 02 03 30 51.11 +69 14 42.1 .161 44.201 .961 72.1 98.8 69 47.6 .9 1996 Mar 29 04 03 29 42.21 +68 38 37.3 .163 44.577 .959 71.5 99.2 69 47.3 .9 1996 Mar 29 06 03 28 38.53 +68 03 26.7 .165 44.938 .958 71.0 99.6 70 47.2 .9 1996 Mar 29 08 03 27 39.49 +67 29 09.0 .168 45.285 .956 70.5 100.0 70 47.0 .9 1996 Mar 29 10 03 26 44.59 +66 55 42.7 .170 45.619 .954 70.0 100.4 71 46.8 .9 1996 Mar 29 12 03 25 53.41 +66 23 06.3 .172 45.940 .952 69.5 100.7 71 46.7 1.0 1996 Mar 29 14 03 25 05.57 +65 51 18.3 .174 46.248 .950 69.0 101.1 72 46.6 1.0 1996 Mar 29 16 03 24 20.77 +65 20 17.4 .176 46.545 .949 68.6 101.5 73 46.4 1.0 1996 Mar 29 18 03 23 38.71 +64 50 02.0 .179 46.831 .947 68.1 101.8 73 46.3 1.0 1996 Mar 29 20 03 22 59.14 +64 20 31.0 .181 47.106 .945 67.7 102.1 74 46.3 1.0 1996 Mar 29 22 03 22 21.85 +63 51 42.9 .183 47.370 .943 67.2 102.4 75 46.2 1.1 1996 Mar 30 00 03 21 46.63 +63 23 36.4 .186 47.625 .941 66.8 102.7 75 46.1 1.1 1996 Mar 30 12 03 18 50.49 +60 48 23.8 .199 48.970 .930 64.4 104.4 80 45.8 1.2 1996 Mar 31 00 03 16 37.81 +58 33 21.9 .214 50.054 .919 62.3 105.8 85 45.6 1.3 1996 Mar 31 12 03 14 53.66 +56 35 07.3 .228 50.936 .908 60.4 107.0 90 45.5 1.4 1996 Apr 1 00 03 13 29.19 +54 50 53.9 .243 51.660 .897 58.7 107.9 95 45.5 1.5 1996 Apr 1 12 03 12 18.76 +53 18 26.5 .258 52.261 .886 57.1 108.7 101 45.5 1.5 1996 Apr 2 00 03 11 18.66 +51 55 55.2 .273 52.764 .875 55.7 109.4 107 45.5 1.6 1996 Apr 2 12 03 10 26.32 +50 41 49.7 .289 53.189 .864 54.4 109.9 112 45.5 1.7 1996 Apr 3 00 03 09 39.91 +49 34 56.3 .304 53.551 .853 53.1 110.3 118 45.5 1.7 1996 Apr 3 12 03 08 58.08 +48 34 13.7 .320 53.861 .841 51.9 110.7 124 45.4 1.8 1996 Apr 4 00 03 08 19.83 +47 38 51.2 .335 54.131 .830 50.8 110.9 129 45.4 1.8 1996 Apr 4 12 03 07 44.39 +46 48 06.2 .351 54.366 .819 49.8 111.1 135 45.3 1.9 1996 Apr 5 00 03 07 11.16 +46 01 22.8 .367 54.573 .807 48.8 111.3 140 45.2 1.9 1996 Apr 5 12 03 06 39.65 +45 18 10.8 .382 54.757 .796 47.8 111.4 144 45.1 1.9 1996 Apr 6 00 03 06 09.49 +44 38 04.3 .398 54.922 .784 46.9 111.4 148 45.0 1.9 1996 Apr 6 12 03 05 40.35 +44 00 41.1 .414 55.070 .773 46.0 111.4 151 44.9 2.0 1996 Apr 7 00 03 05 11.98 +43 25 42.2 .430 55.205 .761 45.1 111.3 152 44.7 2.0 1996 Apr 7 12 03 04 44.15 +42 52 50.9 .446 55.330 .750 44.3 111.2 151 44.6 2.0 1996 Apr 8 00 03 04 16.68 +42 21 52.9 .462 55.445 .738 43.4 111.1 149 44.4 2.0 1996 Apr 8 12 03 03 49.41 +41 52 35.3 .478 55.552 .726 42.6 110.9 145 44.2 2.0 1996 Apr 9 00 03 03 22.20 +41 24 47.2 .494 55.653 .714 41.8 110.7 141 44.0 2.0 1996 Apr 9 12 03 02 54.92 +40 58 18.6 .510 55.749 .702 41.1 110.4 136 43.7 2.0 1996 Apr 10 00 03 02 27.46 +40 33 00.7 .526 55.841 .690 40.3 110.1 130 43.5 2.0 1996 Apr 10 12 03 01 59.73 +40 08 45.6 .542 55.930 .678 39.6 109.8 124 43.2 2.0 1996 Apr 11 00 03 01 31.63 +39 45 26.2 .558 56.016 .666 38.8 109.5 118 42.9 2.0 1996 Apr 11 12 03 01 03.08 +39 22 55.9 .575 56.100 .654 38.1 109.1 111 42.6 2.0 1996 Apr 12 00 03 00 34.00 +39 01 09.1 .591 56.183 .642 37.4 108.7 105 42.3 1.9 1996 Apr 12 12 03 00 04.32 +38 40 00.2 .607 56.265 .630 36.6 108.3 98 42.0 1.9 1996 Apr 13 00 02 59 33.98 +38 19 24.2 .623 56.346 .618 35.9 107.8 92 41.6 1.9 1996 Apr 13 12 02 59 02.89 +37 59 16.6 .640 56.427 .606 35.2 107.3 85 41.2 1.9 1996 Apr 14 00 02 58 31.01 +37 39 32.9 .656 56.508 .593 34.5 106.7 78 40.8 1.8 1996 Apr 14 12 02 57 58.27 +37 20 09.2 .672 56.588 .581 33.8 106.1 72 40.4 1.8 1996 Apr 15 00 02 57 24.61 +37 01 01.4 .689 56.669 .568 33.1 105.5 65 40.0 1.7 1996 Apr 15 12 02 56 49.96 +36 42 05.9 .705 56.749 .556 32.4 104.9 59 39.5 1.7 1996 Apr 16 00 02 56 14.27 +36 23 19.0 .721 56.830 .543 31.7 104.1 52 39.0 1.6 1996 Apr 16 12 02 55 37.49 +36 04 37.3 .738 56.909 .531 31.0 103.4 46 38.5 1.6 1996 Apr 17 00 02 54 59.54 +35 45 57.2 .754 56.987 .518 30.3 102.6 40 38.0 1.5 1996 Apr 17 12 02 54 20.39 +35 27 15.4 .771 57.064 .506 29.5 101.7 34 37.4 1.5 1996 Apr 18 00 02 53 39.96 +35 08 28.4 .787 57.138 .493 28.8 100.8 29 36.8 1.4 1996 Apr 18 12 02 52 58.19 +34 49 32.7 .804 57.208 .480 28.1 99.8 25 36.2 1.3 1996 Apr 19 00 02 52 15.04 +34 30 24.8 .820 57.272 .468 27.4 98.8 21 35.6 1.3 1996 Apr 19 12 02 51 30.44 +34 11 01.2 .837 57.329 .455 26.7 97.7 20 34.9 1.2 1996 Apr 20 00 02 50 44.34 +33 51 18.1 .853 57.376 .442 25.9 96.5 20 34.2 1.1 R.A. J2000 Dec. = Geocentric astrometric right ascension and declination referred to the mean equator and equinox of J2000. Light time corrections have been applied Delta = Geocentric distance of object in AU Deldot = Geocentric radial velocity of object in km/s r = Heliocentric distance of object in AU Theta = Sun-Earth-Object angle in degrees Beta = Sun-Object-Earth angle in degrees Moon = Object-Earth-Moon angle in degrees PsAng = Position angle of extended radius vector in degrees TMag = Approximate Total magnitude = 5.0 + 5.0*log(Delta) + 10.0*log(r)