APEX

Mod nye højder i submillimeterastronomi

ESO driver Atacama Pathfinder Experiment telescope, APEX på et af Jordens højestliggende observatorieområder i en højde på 5100 meter på Chajnantor højsletten i Chiles del af Atacamaørkenen.

APEX er et 12 meterteleskop, som arbejder i millimeter- og submillimeterbølgelængdeområderne - imellem infrarødt lys og radiobølger. Submillimeterastronomi åbner et vindue ud til det kolde og støvede Univers, men de svage signaler fra rummet bliver mestendels absorberet af vanddampen i Jordens atmosfære. Derfor er Chajnantor et ideelt sted til sådan et teleskop, for området er et af de tørreste på Jorden, og det ligger mere end 750 meter højere end Mauna Kea observatorierne på Hawaii og 2400 meter højere end Very Large Telescope VLT på Cerro Paranal.

En rundtur på Chajnantor Plateauet

Virtual Tour at the Chajnantor Plateau

Klik på billedet for at få en Virtual Tour på og omkring Chajnantor.

APEXCam LIVE.

APEX er det største submillimeterteleskop i drift på den sydlige halvkugle af Jorden. Astronomerne råder over en vifte af forskellige instrumenter, som kan kobles til teleskopet. Et af de vigtigste er LABOCA, Large APEX Bolometer Camera. LABOCA består af en samling af meget følsomme termometre - det, som kaldes bolometre -, som kan indfange lys i submillimeteromrpdet. Instrumentet har næsten 300 pixels, så det er det største kamera af sin art.

For at kunne måle de meget små temperaturforandringer forårsaget af den svage submillimeterstråling, er hvert af disse termometre kølet ned til mindre end 0,3 grader over det absolutte nulpunkt - til minus 272,85 celciusgrader. Den store følsomhed koblet med den store synsvinkel (1/3 af fuldmånens diameter) gør LABOCA til et uvurderligt værktøj til himmeloptagelser af Universet i submillimeterområdet.

APEX var stifinder for ALMA, Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array, som er det nye, revolutionerende teleskop, som ESO med sine partnere driver på Chajnantor højsletten. APEX antennen er en prototype for de antenner, som nu indgår i ALMA, og med APEX kan man finde mange spændende objekter, som ALMA så kan studere i større detalje.

APEX er et samarbejde imellem Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy (MPIfR, 55%), Onsala Space Observatory (OSO, 13%), og ESO (32%). Teleskopet drives af ESO.

Forskning med APEX Teleskopet

Submillimeterastronomi er en relativt uudforsket frontlinie i astronomien, og her ser man en del af Universet, som ikke kan ses i den mere velkendte infrarøde eller synlige del af lyset. Området er ideelt til studiet af det kolde Univers: Lys ved disse bølgelængder kommer fra store kolde skyer i det interstellare rum, med temperaturer få tiendedele af en grad over det absolutte nulpunkt. Studiet af dette lys giver astronomerne oplysninger om de kemiske og fysiske forhold i disse molekylskyer - de tætte områder med gas og støv, hvor nye stjerner dannes. I synligt lys er disse områder som oftest mørke, og uigennemtrængelige på grund af støvet, men i millimeter- og submillimeterområderne lyser de klart. De samme bølgelængdeområder er også ideelle til studierne af nogle af de tidligste og fjerneste galakser i Universet, fordi deres lys er blevet rødforskudt ud til disse lange bølgelængder.

Videnskabelige mål

Astrokemi og det kolde Univers.

Mere om forskning med APEX

Mere om APEX Teleskopet

APEX Trailer

Download denne trailer i andre formater fra Video archive.

 

APEX

Name: Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
Site: Chajnantor
Altitude: 5050 m
Enclosure: Open air
Type: Sub-millimeter antenna
Optical design: Cassegrain
Diameter. Primary M1: 12.0 m
Material. Primary M1: CFRP and Aluminium
Diameter. Secondary M2: 0.75 m Hyperboloidal
Material. Secondary M2: Aluminium
Mount: Alt-Azimuth mount
First Light date: 14 July 2005
Images taken with APEX: Link
Images of APEX: Link
Press Releases with APEX: Link

 

 

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