Arquivo Científico e Universo Digital

O Arquivo Científico

O Grupo de Operações do Arquivo Científico recebe e distribui dados do ESO e do HST e dá aos utilizadores apoio técnico sobre o arquivo.

Archive Operations RoomO arquivo do ESO distribui anualmente cerca de 200 Terabytes (TB) de dados públicos. Em Outubro de 2017, o arquivo total continha cerca de 1,01 Petabytes (PB), 44,8 milhões de ficheiros files, com uma taxa de entrada de cerca de 131 TB por ano. Este número está a aumentar de forma drástica com a chegada dos telescópios de rastreio (de um factor de 10). Por exemplo, só o Visible and Infrared Survey Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) equipado com uma câmara no infravermelho próximo produz cerca de 150 TB por ano.

O arquivo científico do ALMA contém cerca de 20,8 milhões de ficheiros, 416 TB de dados, com uma taxa de entrada de cerca de 200 TB por ano. O ALMA fornece também cerca de 200 TB de dados por ano a utilizadores externos.

Os servidores da base de dados do ESO são coordenados entre a Alemanha e o Chile, e a sua tecnologia e complexidade rivaliza com as usadas pelas principais empresas comerciais, como é o caso das empresas bancárias internacionais.

O Universo Digital

Progressos importantes nas áreas de telescópios, detectores e tecnologia informática tornam agora possível que os rastreios astronómicos produzam quantidades impressionantes de imagens, espectros e catálogos. Estes pacotes de informação cobrem todo o céu em todos os comprimentos de onda, dos raios gama e raios X passando pelo óptico e infravermelho até às ondas rádio.

Os astrónomos estão a desenvolver métodos para fazer nova ciência ao tornarem as enormes quantidades de dados neste 'Universo Digital' de fácil acesso. Estes métodos utilizam o paradigma de computação distribuída GRID, em que o acesso aos dados através de 'Observatórios Virtuais' é feita de forma simples e transparente.

Da mesma maneira que um observatório clássico tem telescópios, cada um com instrumentos astronómicos únicos, um Observatório Virtual consiste em centros de dados, cada um com uma coleção única de dados astronómicos, sistemas de software e capacidades específicas de processamento.

Esta iniciativa global de base comunitária está a ser desenvolvida mundialmente sob os auspícios da Aliança Internacional do Observatório Virtual (International Virtual Observatory Alliance, IVOA) e na Europa encontra-se enquadrada no projeto EURO-VO.

Os Observatórios Virtuais já provaram a sua eficácia, por exemplo, na descoberta de 31 novos candidatos a quasares obscurecidos, muito pouco luminosos no visível, a partir dos dados obtidos pelo levantamento GOODS – Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey – quadruplicando assim o número destes objetos conhecidos até agora. A descoberta significa que os rastreios que procuram buracos negros supermassivos de grande energia têm sido até agora subestimados, pelo menos de um factor dois e possivelmente cinco (Nota de Imprensa do ESO eso0418).

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