APEX

Submillimeter-astronomin mot nya höjder

ESO driver APEX, Atacama Pathfinder Experiment-teleskopet, vid en av världens högst belägna observationsplatser, 5100 meter över havet på Chajnantor-platån i Chiles Atacamaöknen.

APEX är 12 meter i diameter och registrerar strålning med våglängder omkring en millimeter eller strax under, det vill säga intervallet mellan infrarött ljus och radiovågor. APEX sysslar alltså med det som kallas submillimeter-astronomi, och öppnar ett fönster mot det kalla, stoftfyllda och fjärran universum. Vid submillimeter-våglängder absorberas dock de svaga signalerna från rymden kraftigt av vattenånga i jordens atmosfär. Det är därför Chajnantor är det perfekta stället för ett sådant teleskop, då regionen är en av planetens torraste och högstliggande: 750 meter högre än Mauna Kea-observatoriet på Hawaii och 2400 meter högre än Very Large Telescope på Cerro Paranal.

A Tour at the Chajnantor Plateau

Virtual Tour at the Chajnantor Plateau

Click on the image to take a Virtual Tour in and nearby Chajnantor.

APEXCam LIVE.

APEX är det södra halvklotets största submillimeter-teleskop. Det har en rad olika instrument som astronomer kan använda till sina observationer, bland andra LABOCA, som står för Large APEX Bolometer Camera. LABOCA använder ett system med extremt känsliga termometrar – även kända som bolometrar – för att fånga submillimeterljuset. Med sina nästan 300 pixlar är det värdens största kamera av denna typ. För att registrera de mycket små temperaturvariationerna som den svaga submillimeterstrålningen avslöjar, måste varje termometer kylas ned till minus 272,85 grader Celsius, alltså mindre än 0,3 grader över den absoluta nollpunkten. LABOCA:s höga känslighet och breda synfält (som motsvarar en tredjedels fullmåne) gör det till ett ovärderligt verktyg för att avbilda universum som det ser ut i submillimeterljus.

APEX var ett föregångsprojekt för ALMA, (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array), ett revolutionerande nytt teleskop som ESO och sina internationella samarbetspartners nu driver på Chajnantor-platån. APEX är baserad på en prototypantenn gjord för ALMA-projektet och kommer att upptäcka många intressanta objekt som ALMA senare kommer att titta närmare på.

APEX är ett samarbetsprojekt mellan Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIfR), Onsala rymdobservatorium (OSO) och ESO. ESO ansvarar för driften.

Forskning med APEX-teleskopet

Submillimeter-astronomin är ett relativt outforskat område och avslöjar ett universum som inte kan ses i synligt och infrarött ljus. Framförallt berättar submillimeterstrålningen om ”det kalla universum”. Ljus med dessa våglängder kommer huvudsakligen från områdena mellan stjärnorna, från gigantiska kalla moln med temperaturer på bara några få tiotals grader över den absoluta nollpunkten. I dessa dammiga moln av molekylär gas föds nya stjärnor av gas och kosmiskt stoft och astronomer använder det långvågiga ljuset för att studera den kemiska sammansättningen och de fysiska förhållandena i molnen. I synligt ljus är dessa områden ofta mörka och skylda av stoft, men de skiner starkt i millimeter- och submillimetervåglängder. Denna del av ljusspektrumet är också utmärkt för studier av universums tidigaste och mest avlägsna galaxer, vars ljus har blivit utsträckt (rödförskjutet) till dessa långa våglängder på grund av universums expansion.

Forskningsmål

Astrokemi, det kalla universum

Mer om forskningen med APEX

Mer om APEX-teleskopet

APEX-trailer

Ladda ner trailern i andra format från videogalleriet

 

APEX

Name: Atacama Pathfinder Experiment
Site: Chajnantor
Altitude: 5050 m
Enclosure: Open air
Type: Sub-millimeter antenna
Optical design: Cassegrain
Diameter. Primary M1: 12.0 m
Material. Primary M1: CFRP and Aluminium
Diameter. Secondary M2: 0.75 m Hyperboloidal
Material. Secondary M2: Aluminium
Mount: Alt-Azimuth mount
First Light date: 14 July 2005
Images taken with APEX: Link
Images of APEX: Link
Press Releases with APEX: Link

 

 

APEX på Google Maps

 

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